Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format proprietary to Adobe Systems for representing two-dimensional documents in a device independent and resolution independent fixed-layout document format. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a 2D document (and, with the advent of Acrobat 3D, embedded 3D documents) that includes the text, fonts, images, and 2D vector graphics that compose the document. PDF files do not encode information that is specific to the application software, hardware, or operating system used to create or view the document. This feature ensures that a valid PDF will render exactly the same regardless of its origin or destination (but depending on font availability).
Anyone may create applications that read and write PDF files without having to pay royalties to Adobe Systems; Adobe holds a number of patents relating to the PDF format and claims that it is an open standard, licensing them on a royalty-free basis for use in developing software that complies with its PDF specification.[1]
PDF files are most appropriately used to encode the exact look of a document in a device-independent way. While the PDF format can describe very simple one page documents, it may also be used for many pages, complex documents that use a variety of different fonts, graphics, colors, and images.
Readers for many platforms are available, such as Xpdf, Foxit and Adobe’s own Adobe Reader; there are also front-ends for many platforms to Ghostscript. PDF readers are generally free. There are many software options for creating PDFs, including the PDF printing capability built in to Mac OS X, the multi-platform OpenOffice, numerous PDF print drivers for Microsoft Windows, and Adobe Acrobat itself. There is also specialized software for editing PDF files.
Proper subsets of PDF have been, or are being, standardized under ISO for several constituencies:
PDF/X for the printing and graphic arts as ISO 15930 (working in ISO TC130)
PDF/A for archiving in corporate/government/library/etc environments as ISO 19005 (work done in ISO TC171)
PDF/E for exchange of engineering drawings (work done in ISO TC171)
PDF/UA for universally accessible PDF files
Filed under: What is PDF Format
